What triggers the release of alarm pheromones in guard bees?

The release of alarm pheromones in guard bees is primarily triggered by the presence of a predator. When a threat is detected, such as an animal that poses a danger to the hive or colony, guard bees release these pheromones as a warning signal to other bees. This chemical communication alerts the rest of the colony to prepare for potential defense against the intruder.

The alarm pheromones serve to increase the alertness and aggression levels of bees around the colony, prompting them to defend their home and queen vigorously. Understanding this behavior is critical for beekeepers, as it emphasizes the importance of maintaining a calm hive environment and minimizing disturbances that could provoke alarms and stress among the bees.