What should be the first frame removed when taking out brood frames to avoid injuring the queen?

When managing a beehive, especially during brood frame removal, it is crucial to minimize stress and potential harm to the queen. The first frame to be removed should be from the outside of the brood nest, as this area typically contains less brood and allows for easier access without disturbing the queen, who is generally located more towards the center of the hive.

Removing outside frames first helps to create space for manipulation and gives the beekeeper a clearer view of the hive’s internal structure. This approach not only reduces the risk of accidentally harming the queen but also allows the beekeeper to assess the general health of the colony and the status of brood and food resources as they work towards the center frames where the queen is likely to be found.

In contrast, removing frames from the middle or inner sections could directly disturb the queen, potentially leading to her injury and increased stress throughout the hive. Thus, starting with the outer frames is a methodical and safer approach to hive management.